Apply a harmonic input and explore how local displacement becomes neural traction. Cells share their nodes: each neuron's force feeds back into the continuous membrane.
z = Σ wᵢuᵢ → τ = wₒ f(z)
Fᵢ = τ A / 4 → M ü + Fᵢₙₜ = Fₑₓₜ
Neuron type strongly affects the membrane response. For the tested sigmoid cases, refining 200 to 800 cells produced nearly indistinguishable overall responses under comparable total loading. Training was outside the study's scope.
The paper uses nonlinear dynamic finite elements, von Mises plasticity with isotropic hardening, and explicit central differences.
Conceptual animation: prescribed traveling displacement and normalized neuron responses; no finite-element equilibrium or plasticity solver is run here. Stop memory is illustrated with a bounded incremental operator. Mesh changes alter resolution, not a claimed numerical prediction. The paper also investigates step and saw-tooth neurons.
Joghataie & Shafiei Dizaji (2019), Neuro-Skins: Dynamics, Plasticity and Effect of Neuron Type and Cell Size on Their Response, Neural Processing Letters 49, 19–41 (online 2018).